Decarbonizers are sometimes also called devices for purifying fuel or petroleum products from carbon compounds; the decarbonization process is also used in cement plants—here, decarbonizers are cyclonic heat exchangers that implement the reaction of calcium carbonate decomposition into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide (CaCO3 → CaO + CO2).

It should be understood that decarbonization does not mean the complete deaeration or desorption of all gases from the liquid—the process involves normalizing the phase equilibrium of the system for current conditions (temperature and pressure). In general, decarbonization can be understood as a wide range of procedures, and decarbonizers—a no less wide range of apparatuses, but in most cases, especially without clarification, decarbonization is considered as a water treatment (water preparation) process of decarbonization, deaeration, and/or desalination (demineralization) of water or another liquid phase.

In addition to decarbonizing filters, "iZi-plastics" offers highly efficient and compact stations for treating acidic and alkaline effluents, as well as a wide range of productive hydrocyclones for water purification from solid suspended particulate matter.

The main areas of application for decarbonizers include:

• Thermal power facilities and infrastructures – thermal power plants, boiler houses.
• Purification (iron removal) of artesian waters (oxidation of iron components followed by removal of resulting solid precipitate in mechanical filters).
• Water treatment in agriculture, hydroponics, livestock farming, poultry farming, and fisheries.
• Production of quality concrete.
• Brewing and winemaking, beverage and juice production.
• Industrial and semi-industrial water purification – reverse osmosis systems, hydrogen cation exchange, ion-exchange regenerative water softening.
• Microelectronics industry, pharmaceuticals, laboratory chemistry, petrochemicals (demineralization of media in these industries is also carried out to reduce water conductivity).

Types of decarbonizers in water treatment systems and their operating principles

Despite the extensive variety of decarbonizing filters available on the market, the most popular types of decarbonizers are jet and film types. Let's take a closer look at their features and operating principles.

Preceding the description of the main types of decarbonizers, it should be noted that all installations of this purpose share common features in terms of their operating principle, which involves creating maximum contact between the gas and liquid phases (as a special case – air and water).

Jet Decarbonizers (Spray Type)

Jet decarbonizers are spray nozzle systems that disperse water or other liquid into a fine mist, effectively degassing the processed phase.

Film Decarbonizers with Raschig Rings and Other High-Surface-Area Bodies

The most popular, reliable, efficient, and low-maintenance type of decarbonizing filters are film decarbonizers with Raschig rings, Pall rings, Intallox saddles, or other elements that provide a developed contact surface between the gas and liquid phases, despite their small volume.

Operating Principle of Film Decarbonizer with Rings
The principle of operation of the film-type decarbonizer can be described by the following points:

1. The processed, or so-called raw, water is fed into the inlet pipe of the unit, after which it is distributed through the spray nozzles, generating a droplet curtain. (This point coincides directly with the basic principle of operation of jet-type decarbonizers, so it can be said that film decarbonizers incorporate the operating principle of jet-type designs into their technological scheme).
   
   
2. The irrigated ring attachment, supplied with raw water (with a surface area of up to 200+ m2 / m3), irregularly laid in the working chamber of the unit, forms a thin self-renewing liquid film on its surface, from which the release (desorption) of carbon dioxide occurs with exceptional efficiency. (For even greater speed and effectiveness of decarbonization, the processed liquid can be subjected to preheating).
   
   
3. By means of an ascending flow (opposite to the direction of spraying), created by a fan, the released gases are continuously displaced from the working chamber. (To prevent spray carryover, the outlet section of the decarbonizer is equipped with a mist catcher).
   
   
4. Decarbonized water, due to gravity, descends from the attachment array downwards and is directed to a special container or main pipeline.
   

Experienced readers familiar with technology may notice the fundamental similarity between decarbonizers and nozzle/film absorbers used in industrial gas cleaning. Indeed, the operating principle of these devices is largely similar, with the difference lying only in their purpose: absorbers, through a developed liquid microfilm, carry out the absorption (or chemisorption) of gaseous and aerosol pollutants, while decarbonizers, on the other hand, provide deaeration or desorption of gas inclusions.

It should be noted that decarbonizers can also utilize other phase distribution principles typical of wet absorbers, such as sparging (the interaction of the liquid and gas components occurs in a layer of active metastable foam formed when air passes through wetted perforated trays).

Furthermore, decarbonizing filters can vary structurally based on working pressure (atmospheric, vacuum, pressurized), attachment layout (for attachment types) – with regular or irregular arrangement, number of tiers (single-tier, multi-tier), and flow direction (counterflow, co-current).

For inquiries regarding the purchase or custom manufacturing of water decarbonizers (or other liquid mediums), please contact "iZi-plastics" using your preferred method of communication. To select the most technologically and economically justified filter model, please provide us with the following parameters of the medium: • Required unit capacity, m3/hour; • Temperature; • Carbon dioxide content, mg/L; • pH value; • Water hardness (mg-eq/L).