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Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers
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Wastewater treatment in a lamellar clarifier

Lamella clarifiers are used as a primary technical unit for clarifying natural waters at water intake facilities (WIF), as well as in the treatment of industrial wastewater from dispersed substances. In clarifiers with inclined lamella modules, the sedimentation of insoluble compounds and solid particles occurs within the water mass. The design allows for effective sedimentation of dispersed substances, with the sludge sliding down the inclined plates into conical bottoms where it is compacted.

Slant Plate Clarifier (SPC)

Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers are typically made from plastics that offer high chemical resistance, durability, and strength. The common materials used include:

  1. Polypropylene (PP) - Known for its excellent chemical resistance, especially against cleaning agents and various organic solvents. It has a good balance of thermal resistance, strength, and cost-effectiveness.

  2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - PVC is chosen for its good chemical resistance, especially to acids, bases, salts, and fats. It is also relatively inexpensive and easy to fabricate.

  3. Polyethylene (PE) - Including both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), PE is used for its resistance to a wide variety of chemicals and its impact resistance. HDPE, in particular, is known for its high strength-to-density ratio.

  4. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) - This material is selected for applications requiring high purity and resistance to solvents, acids, and heat. It is more expensive than the other plastics but provides superior performance in harsh chemical environments.

These materials are selected based on the specific requirements of the wastewater treatment processes, including the types of contaminants present and the operational temperatures and pressures. The plastics used are generally lightweight, easy to install, and require minimal maintenance, making them ideal for use in Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers.

The specific load on the surface of the water mirror in the clarifier is directly proportional to the thickness of the layer of the treated liquid. In this case, the mobile sediment flakes move parallel to the flow of the purified water, which in turn stabilizes the hydrodynamic properties of the flow. The flow must be laminar because turbulent flow creates liquid vortices and reduces the efficiency of wastewater treatment in a laminar clarifier.

The design of the lamella clarifier is typically rectangular. Inside, the unit is divided by honeycomb blocks or a series of parallel lamellae inclined at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees to the surface of the water mirror. Clarification of the water occurs in all chambers of the laminar clarifier, with the sediment flakes settling down the inclined plates.


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The operating principle of a lamella clarifier:
    The operating principle of a lamella clarifier:

      Designations:
      1 - Inlet pipe for wastewater;
      2 - Conical bottom;
      3 - Lamella modules (lamellae);
      4 - Overflow pocket for clarified water;
      5 - Compacted sludge;
      6 - Outlet pipe for sludge dewatering.
      There are several types of laminar clarifiers based on the installation of lamella modules:

      1. Frame-modular connection of inclined lamellae;
      2. Installation of plates on a single frame located within the internal space of the clarifier (more reliable).
      In the manufacture of lamella clarifiers, we use modern polymeric materials. The body is typically made from highly reliable polypropylene PP-C with the necessary amount of stiffness ribs. Additionally, at the customer's request, the body can be entirely made from stainless steel AISI 304 or 316. Polypropylene or polyethylene is used as the material for the inclined water settling plates.

      A lamella clarifier with shelf-type plates of rectangular cross-section, made from polypropylene, is designed for a linear flow velocity of the liquid between 4-12 mm/s. The tubular clarifier with honeycomb blocks made of polyethylene is intended for operation at high flow velocities - 20 mm/s

      When a lamella clarifier is used for the treatment of industrial wastewater, periodic cleaning of the lamellae is necessary to remove adhering suspended solids and petroleum products. For this purpose, a high-pressure mini-washer is effectively used.

      Applications of lamella clarifiers:

      1. Electroplating Production: Cleaning rinse waters from hydroxides, phosphates, and sulfides of heavy metals.
      2. Oil Refineries: Removal of oil products and suspended solids from water.
      3. Water Intake Facilities: Clarification of water with the removal of algae and dispersed substances.
      4. Surface Wastewater: Cleaning water from oil products and suspended solids.
      5. Biological Treatment Facilities (BTF): The technology is effective in processing biological substances in anaerobic and aerobic water treatment processes.
      6. Food Production: Reduction of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), removal of suspended and emulsified substances in the dairy and distillery industries.
      7. Light Industry: Wastewater treatment from dyes after coagulant and flocculant treatment.
      Intensifying the operation of lamella clarifiers in wastewater treatment facilities allows the use of methods for recirculating sludge flakes and solid abrasive particles. In this case, solid filter material is added to the settling chamber, transforming it into a clarifier-filter. This approach reduces the settling and crystallization time of pollutants, increases the density of the sludge, and consequently makes the water clarification process more efficient.

      Using lamella clarifiers to remove dispersed substances and inorganic compounds (such as calcium and magnesium sulfates with concentrations > 2g/L) in cooling towers for the recirculating water supply of chemical and power productions can reduce the footprint of production areas and increase the efficiency and profitability of the treatment facilities.
      • Katie:
        Why is a Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers so good?
        Support:
        Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers offer several distinct advantages that make them highly effective for solid-liquid separation, particularly in water and wastewater treatment processes. Here's why they are considered beneficial:

        1. Increased Settling Area: By using inclined plates, these clarifiers significantly increase the effective settling area within a compact footprint. This design allows more water to be treated in a smaller space compared to traditional clarifiers.

        2. High Efficiency: The orientation and design of the plates enhance the gravitational settling of solids. The plates are positioned so that settled solids slide down into the collection area, while clarified water moves upwards. This increases the efficiency of the separation process, allowing for faster processing times.

        3. Space Savings: Due to their vertical design, Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers require less horizontal space than other types of clarifiers. This makes them ideal for facilities with limited space or for increasing capacity without expanding the physical footprint.

        4. Low Energy Consumption: These clarifiers operate primarily on gravity, reducing the need for mechanical or electrical energy inputs, which can lead to lower operational costs.

        5. Ease of Maintenance: The design simplifies maintenance and cleaning. Sludge that settles on the plates can be easily removed due to the plates' inclination and accessibility.

        6. Versatility: Lamella clarifiers can be used in a variety of applications, including municipal water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, and process water treatment. They are effective at removing solids from a wide range of liquid waste streams.

        7. Improved Water Quality: The clarified water from these systems typically has lower levels of contaminants compared to those processed by conventional sedimentation tanks. This is due to the effective removal of particles and better control over the flow dynamics.

        8. Customization: Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers can be customized with different plate materials and designs to suit specific processing needs and chemical resistances, making them adaptable to various industrial applications.

        9. Reduced Chemical Usage: In many cases, these clarifiers can reduce the need for flocculants and coagulants due to their efficient design, which naturally enhances particle agglomeration and settling.

        These advantages make Lamella Plate Vertical Clarifiers an attractive option for industries looking to optimize their treatment processes for better efficiency, reduced space, and lower costs.