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Horizontal Plate Clarifiers
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Wastewater treatment in a lamellar clarifier

Lamella clarifiers are used as a primary technical unit for clarifying natural waters at water intake facilities (WIF), as well as in the treatment of industrial wastewater from dispersed substances. In clarifiers with inclined lamella modules, the sedimentation of insoluble compounds and solid particles occurs within the water mass. The design allows for effective sedimentation of dispersed substances, with the sludge sliding down the inclined plates into conical bottoms where it is compacted.

Horizontal Plate Clarifiers

The horizontal lamella clarifier for wastewater treatment facilities is designed for the mechanical purification of wastewater and water from natural water bodies from suspended substances. The lamella clarifier can operate in continuous mode. The collected sediment is periodically discharged through a bottom sludge outlet without stopping the sedimentation process.

Uses include:

  1. Water Clarification: For technical or drinking water purposes in water treatment facilities, helping to clear the water of suspended particles to make it suitable for consumption or further processing.

  2. Industrial Water Recycling: For cleaning recirculated water at industrial facilities, ensuring that water can be reused effectively within industrial processes, reducing fresh water intake and minimizing waste.

  3. Suspension Separation After Chemical Treatment: Used to separate suspensions after the chemical treatment of industrial wastewater, enhancing the removal of various contaminants that have been aggregated through reagents.

  4. Preliminary Purification of Surface and Stormwater: For the preliminary cleaning of surface and stormwater from suspended pollutants, this is critical in preventing the entry of these contaminants into broader water bodies or municipal systems.

  5. Secondary Cleaning of Domestic Wastewater: For further cleaning of domestic wastewater after biological treatment, removing remnants of activated sludge and other residual particles, thus improving the quality of the effluent before discharge or further use.

This clarifier is versatile in its application across different sectors, effectively enhancing the quality of water by efficiently removing suspended particles and improving the overall efficiency of water treatment processes.

Horizontal Plate Clarifiers are typically made from plastics that offer high chemical resistance, durability, and strength. The common materials used include:

  1. Polypropylene (PP) - Known for its excellent chemical resistance, especially against cleaning agents and various organic solvents. It has a good balance of thermal resistance, strength, and cost-effectiveness.

  2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - PVC is chosen for its good chemical resistance, especially to acids, bases, salts, and fats. It is also relatively inexpensive and easy to fabricate.

  3. Polyethylene (PE) - Including both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), PE is used for its resistance to a wide variety of chemicals and its impact resistance. HDPE, in particular, is known for its high strength-to-density ratio.

  4. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) - This material is selected for applications requiring high purity and resistance to solvents, acids, and heat. It is more expensive than the other plastics but provides superior performance in harsh chemical environments.
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Device and Working Principle of the Lamella Clarifier
    Device and Working Principle of the Lamella Clarifier

    Operation Scheme of the Lamella Clarifier for Mechanical Wastewater Treatment:

    1. Water Inlet: The source water is supplied to the receiving chamber of the clarifier (1) through a pipeline. This chamber dissipates the energy of the incoming water flow and distributes it for even overflow into the settling zone. To prevent overflowing, an excess water discharge pipe is provided in the receiving trough.

    2. Water Clarification: Water flows by gravity into the settling chamber (2), where the process of sedimentation of suspended particles occurs. Inside the clarifier tank, thin-layer modules (3) - plates (lamellae) combined into blocks are positioned at an angle of 55 - 60 degrees and occupy the entire volume of the settling chamber. (These modules may also be called thin-walled.)

    3. Counterflow Settling Scheme: In the settling compartment, water rises from the bottom upwards, passes through the thin-layer elements, and overflows into the collection tray for clarified water (4). Suspended substances denser than 1 g/cm3 settle on the surface of the lamellae and, under the force of gravity, slide down the inclined plane.

    4. Settling Time: The calculated settling time for the models of clarifiers presented is 40 minutes. If the sedimentation process of impurities requires more time, a clarifier of larger volume needs to be selected.

    5. Sludge Discharge: Sludge accumulates in the lower conical part of the clarifier (5). Sludge removal from the clarifier is performed periodically by gravity or pump through a system of discharge pipes (6). The discharge process can be automated as per customer's request.

    This clarifier efficiently separates suspended particles from water through gravity sedimentation, facilitated by the lamella plates that increase the effective settling area within a compact design. This design ensures efficient use of space and resources while maintaining effective treatment capability.
    To accelerate the sedimentation process, the method of coagulation and flocculation is recommended. Coagulation facilitates the agglomeration of suspended contaminants, speeding up their settlement into sludge.
    The clarifier is called "lamella" or "thin-layer" because it utilizes a specialized design to accelerate the natural sedimentation process, which is inherently slow for settling suspended pollutants in water. To sediment more impurities in a large volume of water per unit of time, it is necessary to reduce the height of the water layer by increasing the sedimentation area. However, this approach would make a traditional clarifier bulky and occupy a large area.

    One could improve sedimentation quality by extending the water's residence time in the clarifier, but this would immediately decrease its productivity.

    The solution involves the installation of plate-like elements — lamellae — within the settling tank. These lamellae divide the entire volume into layers and serve as the collection point for sediment. To ensure that the settled particles do not accumulate and are removed without manual intervention, the settling planes are positioned at an angle to the horizon. This allows sediment particles to slide down into a collector.

    The distance between the planes is calculated to ensure that the sedimentation process is expedited, yet the flow rate of the water does not hinder the counter movement of the settled sludge.

    Thus, in the clarifier, the volume of the liquid is artificially divided into layers, and such a clarifier is termed "thin-layer" or "lamella" due to its design. This design enhances the efficiency of the sedimentation process while reducing the physical footprint of the facility.

    Manufacture of Horizontal Lamella Clarifiers

    We produce industrial clarifiers made of stainless or carbon steel with an anti-corrosion coating. These clarifiers are rectangular tanks divided internally into technological compartments:

    1. Inlet Compartment for Raw Water: This section receives the incoming water and dissipates the energy of the flow, evenly distributing it to the settling area.

    2. Settling and Sludge Collection Compartment: Here, the actual process of sedimentation occurs. This compartment houses the lamella modules made from PVC profiles, assembled into honeycomb-like cassettes.

    3. Collection Compartment for Clarified (Cleaned) Water: After passing through the lamella modules, the water, now free of suspended solids, collects in this compartment.

    Design of the Lamella Clarifier The design of the clarifier with thin-layer elements is engineered to ensure that water movement is laminar and the sedimentation process of the suspensions is maximally effective. The use of lamella modules significantly increases the effective settling area within the tank, enhancing the speed and efficiency of particle settling. The angle of the lamellas facilitates the gravitational sliding of the settled particles into the sludge collection area.

    Ground-Based Clarifiers These clarifiers are suitable for placement on open grounds or inside facilities, including modular container units. Their design and functionality make them adaptable to various site conditions.

    Convenience and Efficiency The process of sludge removal is designed for convenience and efficiency, allowing for the sludge to be removed by gravity or forcibly through a piping system for dewatering and disposal. This feature minimizes the need for manual intervention and maximizes operational efficiency.

    In summary, the horizontal lamella clarifier is a sophisticated solution designed to optimize the sedimentation process by utilizing a layered approach, making it an effective choice for water treatment in various industrial applications.
    • Katie:
      Why is a Horizontal Plate Clarifiers so good?
      Support:
      Horizontal plate clarifiers offer several key advantages that make them particularly effective and valuable in water treatment processes. Here's why they are considered beneficial:

      1. Increased Settling Area: By incorporating horizontal plates, these clarifiers dramatically increase the effective settling area within a given footprint. This design maximizes the use of available space and allows more efficient settling of particles compared to conventional clarifiers without plates.

      2. Efficient Sedimentation: The horizontal plates facilitate the rapid settling of particles by reducing the distance they must fall to settle. This makes the sedimentation process faster and more efficient, helping to clarify water more quickly and effectively.

      3. Compact Design: Despite their high capacity, horizontal plate clarifiers are more compact than other types of clarifiers. This compactness makes them ideal for use in facilities where space is limited.

      4. Improved Water Quality: The design of horizontal plate clarifiers ensures a more thorough separation of solids from liquids. The clarified water that passes through is typically of higher quality because the plates help prevent the resuspension of settled solids.

      5. Low Maintenance: The structure of horizontal plate clarifiers generally requires less maintenance than other systems. The plates are designed to be self-cleaning (as settled solids slide off easily due to gravity), reducing the frequency and intensity of maintenance required.

      6. Energy Efficiency: Horizontal plate clarifiers often operate primarily through gravitational forces, with minimal need for mechanical or electrical input. This can lead to lower energy consumption and operational costs.

      7. Scalability and Flexibility: These clarifiers can be easily scaled to handle larger or smaller volumes of water as needed. Additionally, the distance between plates can be adjusted to accommodate different types of water or varying sedimentation requirements, providing great flexibility in operation.

      8. Ease of Sludge Removal: The horizontal orientation of the plates facilitates easier and more efficient sludge removal. Settled solids collect at the bottom and can be removed continuously or in batches without disrupting the clarification process.

      These advantages make horizontal plate clarifiers highly effective for a variety of applications, including municipal and industrial water treatment, where efficient, high-quality water clarification is necessary.